Impact of Myasthenia Gravis on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Multidisciplinary Perspective

Abstract

1.Background/Objectives: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that impairs nerve impulse transmission, leading to muscle weakness affecting mastication, speech, and swallowing, significantly impacting oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aims to evaluate the impact of MG on OHRQoL using the OHIP-14 questionnaire, assessing functional limitations, psychological distress, and social impairments. 2.Methods:  A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 MG patients who completed a self-administered OHIP-14 questionnaire while awaiting medical consultations. The OHIP-14 evaluates seven domains, including functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, and handicap, using a 4-point Likert scale. 3.Results: Results showed that MG significantly affects OHRQoL, with participants frequently reporting speech difficulties (mean score: 2.28 ± 1.11), oral discomfort (1.16 ± 1.07), self-consciousness (1.94 ± 1.42), and eating disruptions (2.18 ± 1.31). Many also experienced social disability, reduced well-being, and functional impairments. 4.Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to integrate oral health assessments into MG management. A multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, dental specialists, and mental health professionals is essential to improving patient outcomes.