Examining the Commercial Determinants of Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The commercial determinants of oral health refer to the ways in which corporate activities, market forces, and economic policies influence oral health outcomes. Key industries, including the food and beverage, tobacco, alcohol, and pharmaceutical sectors, play a significant role in shaping oral health behaviors and disease patterns. The widespread availability and marketing of sugar-rich foods and beverages contribute to high rates of dental caries, while tobacco and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for periodontal disease and oral cancers. Additionally, corporate lobbying and regulatory policies impact access to preventive dental care and the affordability of oral health products. Socioeconomic disparities further exacerbate these issues, with lower-income populations facing greater exposure to unhealthy commercial influences and limited access to professional dental care. Addressing these determinants requires multi-sectoral collaboration, including stronger regulations on harmful product marketing, policies that promote affordable and accessible dental services, and increased public health education. By recognizing and mitigating the negative impact of commercial interests, policymakers and healthcare professionals can work towards reducing oral health inequities and improving population-wide dental health outcomes. A shift towards sustainable and health-promoting commercial practices is essential for fostering long-term improvements in global oral health.