Case report of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe Covid-19, successfully managed in Oradea Pelican Hospital

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in China with a cluster of severe cases of pneumonia later identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in December 2019. Diabetes is one of the most common comorbidities in people with COVID-19 with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 30%. Diabetics infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a higher rate of hospitalization, severe pneumonia, and mortality compared to non-diabetic subjects. Chronic hyperglycemia can compromise innate and humoral immunity. Moreover, diabetes is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that favors the development of an exaggerated inflammatory response and therefore the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Control of blood glucose and comorbidities should be individualized to reduce the incidence of complications and decrease the burden on health systems. A special management of diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection is the association of a chronic respiratory pathology that becomes complicated after covid, requiring a multidisciplinary team to save the patient. Pulmonary fibrosis post-COVID-19 in the field of atopic bronchial asthma, in a patient with obesity, may require attention and coordination of the case depending on the complications that may develop after the SARS-CoV-2 infection.