The aesthetic impact of black stains in paediatric patients - a study of chemical and microbiological composition

Abstract

The present study aims to present the clinical implications of black stains but also their microbiological and chemical components. The study involved three paediatric patients divided into two groups on which samples were taken and through specific tests the presence of extrinsic chromogenic bacteria as well as metals and sulfuric components was demonstrated. The microbiological and chemical evaluation provides additional information that can be used by clinicians to improve the treatment protocol by knowing the bacteria involved and their specifics.